Placenta previa is when the placenta partially or fully covers the neck of the uterus – the lower end that connects to the top of the vagina - therefore affecting normal delivery.

 

1. Symptoms

One of the major symptoms of placenta previa is sudden bright red bleeding from the second trimester. It generally occurs without pain and stops after a day or two, but returns a few weeks later.

 

The bleed ranges from light to heavy and usually stops without treatment.  Heavy bleeding can start a few days before labour but sometimes it doesn’t start until labour does.

 

2. What causes it?

The embryo can implant itself anywhere in the womb and if it does so in the lower portion placenta previa can occur, as the placenta will grow over the cervix.

 

Other factors include:

  • Scars in the lining of the uterus
  • A large placenta
  • Previous pregnancies
  • Being 35 or older
  • A previous Caesarean
  • Surgery to remove uterine fibroids

 

 

3. How is it diagnosed?  

The condition is typically diagnosed in the second trimester with an ultrasound.

 

4. Treatment

If placenta previa is spotted at the start of the second trimester, and barely covers the cervix, the expansion of the uterus may pull it up a little higher, moving it away from the top of the vagina. But if it fully covers the cervix time won’t help. If you are found to have the condition, your doctor will monitor you to reduce risk of serious complications . If it is serious you may have to deliver early. 

 

Your doctor may also instruct the following:

  • Bed rest
  • Avoid sex

5. Risks

The condition can cause bleeding before or during delivery and those who have it are likely to require a Caesarean section to ensure a safe delivery. 

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